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Fernand Holweck : ウィキペディア英語版
Fernand Holweck

Fernand Holweck (1890 in Paris – 1941 in Paris) was a French physicist who made important contributions in the fields of vacuum technology, electromagnetic radiation and gravitation. He is also remembered for his personal sacrifice in the cause of the French Resistance and his aid to Allied airmen in World War II.
== Biography ==

Holweck was born on 21 July 1890 to a family from the Alsace Region who had opted to remain French at the end of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870.〔Vacuum Science and Technology: Pioneers of the 20th Century (AVS Classics in Vacuum Science and Technology), Paul A. Redhead (Editor), American Institute of Physics Publishing, 1997.〕 He studied at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI),〔( ESPCI ParisTech Alumni 1910 )〕 where he graduated top of his class in engineering physics and became personal assistant to Marie Curie. During his military service he worked under the wireless telegraphy pioneer Gustave-Auguste Ferrié at the Eiffel Tower radio station, and by 1914 he had produced his first patent, relating to thermionic tubes.
During World War I, 1914–1918, he served first at the front, working on methods to detect enemy radio signals, and later at the naval study centre in Toulon, working under Paul Langevin on ultrasonic sounding. Demobilised in 1919, Holweck resumed his work at Institut du Radium, gaining his doctorate in 1922, and eventually becoming Director of Research at the CNRS (the French National Centre for Scientific Research) in 1938.

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